高级 · HSK 5-6

September 11, 2026

凌晨三点，谁在送快递

The Rise of Unmanned Delivery Vehicles in China

0:00/3:13

2 0 2 6 nián 6 yuè 3 0 rì2026年6月30日，zhōng guó de中国的kuài dì yè wù liáng快递业务量tū pò突破yì qiān yì jiàn一千亿件，bǐ比shàng yì nián上一年dá dào达到tóng yī同一shù zì数字tí qián le提前了jiǔ tiān九天。

On June 30, 2026, China's express delivery volume exceeded 100 billion items, nine days earlier than the same figure reached the previous year.

jīng rén de惊人的zēng sù增速bèi hòu背后，shì是yí gè一个yuè lái yuè越来越xiàn shí de现实的wèn tí问题：kào靠bú duàn不断zhāo rén招人lái来xiāo huà消化bāo guǒ包裹，yǐ jīng已经bī jìn逼近tiān huā bǎn天花板。

Behind the astonishing growth rate is a increasingly realistic problem: relying on constant recruitment to handle parcels has reached a ceiling.

ér而pài jiàn de派件的zuì hòu最后jǐ gōng lǐ几公里，qià qià shì恰恰是zhěng tiáo整条liàn lù链路zhōng中zuì hào最耗rén lì人力、yě也zuì nán最难yā suō压缩chéng běn de成本的yì huán一环。

And the last few kilometers of delivery are precisely the most labor-intensive and difficult-to-reduce-cost link in the entire chain.

yú shì于是，yì pī一批méi yǒu没有jià shǐ yuán de驾驶员的xiǎo chē小车，qiāo qiāo悄悄shǐ shàng le驶上了chéng shì de城市的jiē dào街道。

As a result, a batch of driverless small vehicles quietly hit the city streets.

zhè xiē这些bèi chēng wéi被称为gōng néng xíng功能型wú rén chē无人车de的chē liàng车辆，rú jīn如今yǐ bú zài shì已不再是zhǎn huì shàng de展会上的yàng pǐn样品。

These vehicles, known as "functional unmanned vehicles," are no longer just samples at exhibitions.

quán guó全国yǐ yǒu已有yì bǎi duō gè一百多个chéng shì城市xiàng tā men向它们kāi fàng开放lù quán路权，běi jīng北京、shēn zhèn深圳děng dì等地gèng更fā fàng le发放了L 4 jíL4级shāng yòng商用pái zhào牌照。

Over a hundred cities across the country have opened road rights to them, with places like Beijing and Shenzhen even issuing L4 commercial licenses.

yǐ以zhōng tōng中通wéi lì为例，liǎng qiān duō tái两千多台wú rén chē无人车yùn xíng yú运行于liǎng bǎi duō zuò两百多座chéng shì城市，měi tiān每天chéng dān承担èr shí wàn jiàn二十万件zuǒ yòu de左右的mò duān末端pài sòng派送。

Taking ZTO Express as an example, over two thousand unmanned vehicles are operating in more than two hundred cities, handling about 200,000 end-delivery items every day.

zhēn zhèng真正tuī dòng推动guī mó huà de规模化的qí shí shì其实是jià gé价格：wǔ nián qián五年前yì tái chē一台车yào要sān wǔ shí wàn yuán三五十万元，rú jīn如今yǐ jiàng zhì已降至shí wàn yuán十万元yǐ nèi以内，rù chǎng de入场的mén kǎn门槛yóu cǐ由此bèi chè dǐ被彻底lā dī拉低。

What actually drives scaling is the price: five years ago, a car cost 300,000 to 500,000 yuan, but now it has dropped to under 100,000 yuan, and the barrier to entry has been thoroughly lowered.

gèng更zhí dé值得zhù yì de注意的biàn huà变化fā shēng zài发生在yè lǐ夜里。

A more noteworthy change occurred at night.

2 0 2 6 nián 3 yuè2026年3月，shēn zhèn深圳zhèng shì正式kāi fàng开放gōng néng xíng功能型wú rén chē de无人车的yè jiān夜间lù quán路权，duǎn duǎn短短jǐ gè yuè几个月，yè jiān夜间xiàn lù线路biàn便cóng zuì chū de从最初的liǎng tiáo两条zēng jiā dào增加到sān bǎi sān shí yī tiáo三百三十一条，liù yuè六月dān yuè de单月的yè jiān夜间xíng shǐ行驶lǐ chéng里程tū pò突破sì wàn gōng lǐ四万公里。

In March 2026, Shenzhen officially opened night-time road rights for functional unmanned vehicles. In just a few months, night routes increased from the initial two to 331, and the night driving mileage in June alone exceeded 40,000 kilometers.

jié zhì截至wǔ yuè五月，quán shì全市tóu fàng de投放的wú rén无人wù liú chē物流车yǐ dá已达bā bǎi yī shí wǔ tái八百一十五台。

As of May, the number of unmanned logistics vehicles deployed across the city had reached 815.

yè bān夜班yùn shū运输 ——zhè ge这个cháng qī长期yī lài依赖áo yè熬夜sī jī de司机的huán jié环节，zhèng zài正在bèi被cháng tài huà de常态化的jī qì机器qiǎo rán悄然jiē guǎn接管。

Night shift transport—a link that has long relied on night-shift drivers—is being quietly taken over by normalized machines.

shù zì数字zuì néng最能shuō míng说明wèn tí问题。

Numbers tell the story best.

2 0 2 5 nián2025年，shēn zhèn de深圳的gōng néng xíng功能型wú rén chē无人车lěi jì累计wán chéng完成pèi sòng配送dìng dān订单bā bǎi liù shí liù wàn dān八百六十六万单，chē duì车队guī mó规模cóng nián chū de从年初的sān bǎi jiǔ shí sān tái三百九十三台zēng zhì增至nián dǐ de年底的yì qiān yì bǎi èr shí èr tái一千一百二十二台。

In 2025, Shenzhen's functional unmanned vehicles completed a cumulative 8.66 million delivery orders, and the fleet size increased from 393 at the beginning of the year to 1,122 by the end of the year.

zài在diǎn xíng de典型的kuài dì快递zhī xiàn shàng支线上，wǔ lì fāng mǐ五立方米wú rén chē无人车měi sòng每送yí jiàn de一件的chéng běn成本yuē wèi约为liù fēn qī lí六分七厘，ér而rén gōng人工fāng àn方案jiē jìn接近yì yuán一元。

On typical express delivery feeder lines, the cost per item for a five-cubic-meter unmanned vehicle is about 0.067 yuan, while manual solutions are close to one yuan.

mǒu某qǐ yè企业tóu fàng投放wǔ shí yī tái hòu五十一台后，zhěng gè整个chéng běn成本jié gòu结构bèi被gǎi xiě改写：mò duān末端pèi sòng配送chéng běn成本xià jiàng下降sān chéng三成zhì至wǔ chéng五成，zuò yè作业xiào lǜ效率tí shēng提升yuē约sān chéng三成。

After a certain company deployed 51 units, the entire cost structure was rewritten: end-delivery costs decreased by 30% to 50%, and operational efficiency increased by about 30%.

kuài dì yuán快递员bìng wèi并未yīn cǐ因此xiāo shī消失，tā men de他们的zhòng xīn重心zhuǎn xiàng le转向了chē liàng车辆diào dù调度yǔ与yì cháng异常chǔ lǐ处理。

Express delivery workers did not disappear because of this; their focus shifted to vehicle dispatching and exception handling.

wú rén chē de无人车的yì yì意义，yǔ qí shuō shì与其说是qǔ dài取代kuài dì yuán快递员，bù rú shuō shì不如说是chóng xīn重新huà dìng le划定了rén人yǔ与jī qì机器zhī jiān de之间的fēn gōng分工：chóng fù重复、kū zào枯燥、jí zhōng zài集中在shēn yè de深夜的bān yùn搬运jiāo gěi交给chē liàng车辆，xū yào需要gōu tōng沟通yǔ与pàn duàn de判断的bù fen部分liú gěi留给rén人。

The significance of unmanned vehicles is not so much replacing delivery workers as it is redefining the division of labor between humans and machines: repetitive, dull transport work concentrated in the late night is given to vehicles, while the parts requiring communication and judgment are left to humans.

zhè chǎng这场qiǎo rán悄然fā shēng de发生的biàn gé变革suǒ zhé shè de所折射的，zhèng shì正是zhōng guó中国kuài dì yè快递业cóng从pīn sù dù拼速度zǒu xiàng le走向了pīn xiào lǜ拼效率de的shēn céng深层luó jí逻辑。

What this quietly occurring revolution reflects is precisely the deep-seated logic of China's express delivery industry moving from "competing on speed" to "competing on efficiency."

nǎ pà哪怕jì shù技术zài再xiān jìn先进，zuì zhōng最终jué dìng决定yí cì一次shōu jiàn收件tǐ yàn de体验的，réng rán shì仍然是nà ge那个bǎ把bāo guǒ包裹dì dào递到mén kǒu de门口的rén人。

No matter how advanced the technology is, what ultimately determines a delivery experience is still the person who hands the package to your door.

Practice Time

Test what you just learned with these quick questions.

Question 1

zhōng guó de kuài dì yè wù liáng zài nián yuè rì dá dào le duō shǎo

中国的快递业务量在2026年6月30日达到了多少？

How much did China's express delivery volume reach on June 30, 2026?

Question 2

shēn zhèn zài shén me shí hòu kāi fàng le gōng néng xíng wú rén chē de yè jiān lù quán

深圳在什么时候开放了功能型无人车的夜间路权？

When did Shenzhen open night road rights for functional unmanned vehicles?

Question 3

zài diǎn xíng de kuài dì zhī xiàn shàng wǔ lì fāng mǐ wú rén chē měi sòng yí jiàn de chéng běn dà yuē shì duō shǎo

在典型的快递支线上，五立方米无人车每送一件的成本大约是多少？

On typical delivery feeder lines, what is the approximate cost for a 5-cubic-meter vehicle to deliver one item?